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This is the public report to Cabinet with the Governors' response following:

Primary School Organisation Policy
Ian Budd (Assistant Director of Strategic Management, Shropshire County Council)

Summary
This report outlines the need for strategic action to address the increasing mismatch between the levels of school provision and the numbers of pupils in the primary sector. A draft primary school organisation policy is proposed for consultation which focuses on delivering an accessible educational entitlement for every child, within available resources.
Recommendation
(1) Cabinet is requested to commission a consultation on a revised School Organisation Policy for primary education in Shropshire;
(2) Cabinet receives a further report considering the outcomes of consultation on revised school organisation policy proposals at its meeting on 28th November 2007.
REPORT
1. Background
Shropshire’s School Organisation Plans (SOPs) made it explicit that the Authority’s approach to school organisation matters was based fundamentally on the aim of safeguarding and improving educational standards and attainment.
Successive SOPs and the Children and Young People’s Plan have explained the challenges facing the Authority and key partners in relation to demographic changes including falling pupil numbers and significant reduction in Dedicated Schools Grant (DSG) funding. Essentially, the message is that the significant fall in primary school rolls experienced over the last few years would continue and will also begin to impact on secondary schools.
Using a range of measures, it has proved possible to restrict the overall percentage of unfilled primary school places in recent years. However, the continuing opportunistic approach involved in attaining this is unlikely to achieve the same results in the future as the primary pupil population falls still further. A number of the Council’s major partners in the provision of education services in Shropshire now recognise the need to tackle the problems for schools arising from demographic change.
Primary School Organisation Policy
Brief details of the issues relating to the supply of school places and school organisation which confront the Council are set out in this report. It is proposed that to tackle the issues involved, an updated sustainable Primary School Organisation Policy is needed which sets out the direction and priorities for education asset planning.
2. Demography
The trend in pupil numbers in Shropshire reflects the general trend in England. The number of primary age pupils will continue to fall in line with the overall reduction in the birth rate. 3,400 less primary school places will be needed in 2012 compared with 2001. Current surplus place numbers are 3,250, set to rise to 5,450 by 2012. Shropshire’s statistical return to the DCSF this year showed a figure of 14.7% surplus places in the primary sector. Given the further fall in pupil numbers which will occur, this will rise to around 20% by 2010/11 if the number of schools and their capacities remain constant.
As pupil numbers fall, not only will some schools be significantly under-occupied, the number of schools with small and very small numbers of pupils will increase. Some will undoubtedly become educationally unviable. This effect has already begun to be felt in the primary phase over the last few years. Out of the 141 primary schools in the 2007 surplus places return to the DCSF, there were 91 schools with 10% or more surplus places and 20 schools with 25% or more surplus places. If no changes are made, the number of schools with 10% or more could rise to 110 and those with 25% or more surplus places to over 50 by the 2011 return. 10% is the Audit Commission’s maximum recommended figure for surplus places in a school.
3. Financial Implications
Falling pupil numbers means less funding being available to the local authority and schools through Dedicated Schools Grant. There is a forecast shortfall of £1.439m in 2009/10 and £1.864m in 2010/11 between the amount we would get from the Government and the amount we would need to distribute to schools unless action is taken to align school place planning with income. These figures do not acknowledge the outcome of the Comprehensive Spending Review or changes in funding methodology.
4. Operational Implications
Schools face a continuing need to make staffing reductions as pupil numbers and funding falls. There are many tensions in managing such reductions in school communities. They include addressing parental perceptions about school viability and performance when faced with larger multi-year class groups.
In terms of school organisation the overall demographic position is causing Shropshire to be operating increasing numbers of small two and three class primary schools. Small schools are not attracting strong fields for Headteacher recruitment. Where permanent staffing is secured, there is additional pressure for staff seeking to meet the breadth of curriculum delivery for a range of year groups in a single class. Small schools also face challenges in delivering the range of social, sporting, curriculum and extended schools opportunities that are expected in larger schools.
Small schools are also particularly vulnerable in terms of their performance when staff absence or turnover occurs.
5. Vision
The Primary Capital Programme will be announced by the DfES in late 2007, with the expectation that spending will start in April 2009. Approximately £4m will be available to support capital projects that will enhance primary educational provision in Shropshire. The necessary business case planning will require development of a clear vision for primary school education in Shropshire, including organisational issues.
6. Draft Policy Proposal
The draft policy framework to underpin a sustainable network of schools is based on six key principles and entitlement criteria. The six principles are:
• to secure high quality pre-school and school education in all localities across Shropshire, contributing to raising and sustaining high educational standards;
• to support the “Every Child Matters” agenda;
• to offer schools and communities greater stability and viability for the foreseeable future through a sustainable network of schools covering the whole county and serving their geographic communities;
• to support social inclusion and equality of opportunity – in particular to exemplify and embed inclusive education practice across Shropshire;
• to support the development of lifelong and community learning, in particular through extended and full-service schools;
• to give specific support to vulnerable communities (e.g. areas of high social and economic deprivation or areas with geographically isolated communities).
The entitlement criteria for children and young people are based on three key points:
• to ensure every Shropshire child is entitled to a high quality school place within 6 miles or less (2 miles or less in towns).
• to plan on efficiently sized 4 or 7 class schools (7 or 14 class schools in large towns) as these are robust in terms of resources and curriculum planning.
• to support effective transition planning through amalgamation of Infant and Junior Schools in large towns except where the resulting school would have more than 420 pupils.
Inevitably meeting the accessibility criterion may mean that there are situations in which the size criterion cannot be met in Shropshire’s most rural areas. In this situation, the accessibility criterion would take priority in order that the Council serves the needs of the remote surrounding communities despite only having two classes. Wherever possible, continuing schools would also be linked to centres of population in order to reduce transport requirements. The entitlement based model would remove up to 3,750 surplus places, leaving just under 10% (1,710) places unfilled by January 2012, which will ensure opportunities for parents to still express preference and to cope with fluctuating demand.
7. Conclusion
There appears to be a general acceptance amongst stakeholder groups that action is required to address the issues arising from demographic change, the need to sustain improving educational standards and to plan coherently to respond to the opportunities presented by the national Primary Capital Programme. That being the case, it is suggested that, to achieve consistency of approach, a renewed policy framework is consulted upon prior to adoption (see Appendix 1). The objectives of this revised policy framework would be to set a clear sustainable entitlement for primary age pupils in Shropshire.
The results of consultation on the proposed policy framework are scheduled to be reported back to Cabinet on 28 November 2007. School Organisation Policy is set by Council, and so any policy change would subsequently need to be referred onwards to Council.
List of Background Papers (This MUST be completed for all reports, but does not include items containing exempt or confidential information)
Children and Young People’s Plan 2007-2010
Human Rights Act Appraisal Children have a right to education but there is no right to a place within a specific maintained school. A proposed closure of a school does not, therefore, affect an individual pupil or parent’s human rights.
Environmental Appraisal Not applicable at this stage.
Risk Management Appraisal The paper addresses risks associated with falling pupil numbers and surplus places.
Community / Consultations Appraisal A consultative approach to developing a new policy framework underpins the proposals outlined in this paper.
Cabinet Member Cllr Ann Hartley
Local Member All areas of the County
Appendices Appendix 1: Draft School Organisation Policy
 


The following is the  response to the above report, written by the Governors' of Lydbury North Primary School:

Dear Mr Budd,

 

Lydbury North Primary School Governors wish to raise some concerns regarding your public report to Cabinet  (26/09/07) on the Primary School Organisation Plan.

 

In your background report you explain challenges facing the authority in relation to demographic changes, including falling school numbers. Although neither in your report nor in the draft SOP itself are closures of small schools directly referred to, this is implicit within the proposed policy through the statements that: “schools should be a minimum of 4 classes…except in areas of geographical isolation” and as part of the entitlement criteria, “to plan on efficiently sized 4 or 7 class schools as these are robust…”

 

You state “Shropshire’s SOPs made it explicit that the authority’s approach to school organisation matters was based fundamentally on the aim of safeguarding and improving educational standards and attainment.

 

We agree that “safeguarding” of educational standards and attainment should be at the heart of a Primary SOP, however, we believe that a major priority should be to do so by safeguarding existing, current high standards in ALL Shropshire schools.  It would seem that the majority are achieving these standards, as in Sept 2006 Liz Nicholson and Ann Hartley congratulated all Headteachers and chairs of governors on “another successful year” in a letter circular (ref:M78 pmcl). We were all congratulated for “ensuring that Shropshire continues to provide one of the very best educational services in the country. The performance is measured not just by teacher assessment, test and examination results…but in the overall quality of the educational experiences and opportunities provided for our children. All our schools work to achieve the five outcomes…” The report continued, “A recent MORI survey of residents within Shropshire identified that not only are our schools seen by the residents surveyed to be one of the most important services provided by the County Council but also that the satisfaction rate is one of the best in the country.” That makes two references to being the “best in the country”: judgements made of all schools in Shropshire, rural and urban, small and large.

 

In further support of our view regarding the safeguarding of existing schools, we draw your attention to a previous consultative draft SOP 2003-8 para. 4.5 regarding the continuing growth of surplus primary places. Here, it stated, “the sole, existing major policy that addresses surplus place removal focuses only on the viability of very small village schools. The closure and removal of village schools when numbers become very low does of course have a strongly felt impact on the whole of the particular rural community that is served by that school.” You will recall that, as a result of this concern, the Local Authority proposed and the County Council endorsed and implemented a lowering of the threshold for formal review from 30 on roll down to 20.

 

The current draft SOP sits in direct contrast to these statements and principles and, it appears, now directly contradicts them. Instead of pledging continuing support for small, village schools the proposal is to make ‘one size fits all’ schools, in which there is a foregone assumption that ‘bigger is better’, or, as you say, “robust.”  If parents believed that bigger were indeed better, they would exercise their right to choose by sending their children to the nearest large Primary School. That village schools not only still exist, but thrive and also attract pupils from outside their own catchment area is a testament to their effectiveness and to the qualities and opportunities they offer.

 

As governors, we feel that if Lydbury North Primary School were to be closed and our pupils allocated to an alternative school (following adoption and implementation of the current draft SOP), few of our parents would regard any alternative school as equalling, let alone bettering our pupils’ current education.

 

We therefore ask that the Local Authority recommends the County Council consider a revised policy that safeguards existing educational standards delivered by schools of under 4 classes.

 

Under point 2) ‘Demography’, of your report, you account for the fall in numbers predicted. However, according to government statistics the birth rate (and indeed the fertility rate) has risen steadily for the last 30 years.  We are unsure therefore how you can state with any accuracy that the percentage of surplus places will rise to around 20% by 2010/11. Furthermore, “surplus places” are a numerical statistic that can be altered by amending standard numbers.

 

You also state that, “the number of schools with small or very small numbers of pupils will increase. Some will undoubtedly become educationally unviable.” Please could you explain what criteria are used to determine ‘educationally unviable’ with reference to the size of a school? Is the focus in your statement an economic one rather than an educational one?

 

Under point 4) ‘Operational Implications’, we have many concerns as to the validity and evidence-based support for your statements.

 

Firstly, your reference to: “addressing parental perceptions about school viability and performance when faced with larger, multi-year classes” makes an implicit assumption that multi-year classes (in addition to larger classes) are undesirable. What evidence do you have to suggest this?

 

We are sure you are aware of the compelling, evidence-based studies collated by NASS (National Association of Small Schools) that not only refute any suggestion that multi-age classes are educationally undesirable, but in fact promote them as an ideal model for learning, demonstrating excellent pedagogical theory put into practice.   Pupils not only thrive socially in a small school family environment, but often their achievements far exceed the expectations. They mature into healthy, well-rounded, confident individuals who are ready to enter the next stage of their education.

 

In “Small Schools and a Quality Society,” Mervyn Benford says, “we disown (the) family model of learning by telling children they can now learn only with others of the same age. It is…alien, unlike anything they will experience before school or after it.” Moreover, in the OfSTED report ‘Small Schools: How Well Are They Doing?’ inspection evidence is summarised and confirmed thus: “The traditional reasons for the popularity of successful small schools are well-established features of these schools today. They have a positive ethos with a family atmosphere, close links between staff and parents, an important place in the local community and good standards of behaviour.” The “family atmosphere” quoted is a result of both the size of a school and its mixed age classes.

 

Secondly, you claim that, “there is additional pressure for staff seeking to meet the breadth of curriculum delivery for a range of year groups within a single class.” Whilst it may, indeed be an “additional pressure”, we both question and refute the subtext here: a) that, therefore, staff may be struggling to or are not adequately meeting the breadth of curriculum delivery and b) that the range of year groups within a single class is undesirable for meeting this breadth. Please could you inform us what evidence you are drawing on to support this statement?

 

Similarly, you further claim that, “small schools also face challenges in delivering the range of social, sporting, curriculum and extended schools opportunities that are expected in larger schools.” This is a clear implication of “bigger equals better” and is one that we vigorously refute. Small and large schools face these challenges equally. Anecdotal as well as OfSTED inspection evidence details the ways in which these challenges are met in small schools.  As your subtext implies that larger schools are better able to meet these challenges, please could you inform us of the evidence to support this?

 

In the OfSTED Small Schools report it says, “Small schools are able to cope with the demands of teaching the full national curriculum. It is a tribute to the commitment of teachers in small schools…” also, “In terms of overall quality of education, inspection shows that pupils in small schools are not disadvantaged in comparison with those in larger schools because of the size of the school. Small schools are equally capable of providing an effective education and many are among the most effective in the country”.  In terms of social opportunities, parents agree with inspection findings of, “very good provision for the spiritual, moral, social and cultural development of pupils, especially in church schools.

 

Under 6) ‘Draft Policy Proposal’ the six principles are outlined. The first is “to secure high quality…school education…contributing to raising and sustaining high educational standards.” Once again, we would like to point to the existing high quality education occurring in Shropshire’s small schools. We submit the belief that the Local Authority, at the direction of the County Council, should concentrate on maintaining its existing high quality provision. The alternative: the adoption of the existing draft policy, paves the way for decimation of whole village communities through potential closure of their schools - either in the short (2009) or long term.

 

We urge the LA to reaffirm its belief in the principles underlying paragraph 4.5 in the 2003-8 draft SOP and to work on devising a revised, current draft SOP that does not make reference to minimum class sizes for schools in Shropshire.

 

Yours sincerely,

 

The undersigned Governors of Lydbury North Primary School:

 

Dr Nicholas Howell (Chair)

Mrs Nicola Pugh (Vice Chair)

Mrs Polly Peters

Mrs Ruth Williams

Mrs Lucinda Parish

Mr Colin Clarke

Rev Paul Collins

Mr Clive Moore